Fixing and Repair of Ceramic tiles in Large Halls | Building Construction
Posted by BenzuJK in Civil Projects on June 22, 2010
Ceramic Tiles
Ceramic materials are an inorganic, non-metallic solid. They are prepared by the action of heat and subsequent cooling. Ceramic materials have a crystalline or partly crystalline structure, or may be amorphous. Because of its crystalline nature, ceramic tiles have a tendency to crack when put under pressure.
Ceramic tiles
A ceramic material is an inorganic crystalline oxide which is solid and inert and hence does not react with any chemicals. Since Ceramic is chemically inert, it can withstand chemical erosion that occurs due to other materials in the surroundings that react with acidic substances. Ceramic materials are brittle, hard, strong in compression, weak in shearing and tension.
In this article, we are going to discuss the method of fixing Ceramic Tiles over Large Floor Spans and the method of replacement of tiles.
Semi-Direct Lighting | Ambient Lighting Techniques
Semi-Direct Lighting Design
Semi-Direct Lighting is the kind of lighting provided from a source without reflection from other surfaces.
In daylighting, this means that the light has travelled on a straight path from the sun to the point of interest.
In electrical lighting it usually describes an installation of ceiling mounted or suspended luminaires with mostly downward light distribution characteristics.
Semi-direct Lighting Techniques
Types of Lighting
One of the primary functions of a luminaire is to direct the light to where it is needed. The light distribution produced by luminaires is characterized by the Illuminating Engineering Society as follows:
- Direct Lighting ( 90 to 100 percent of the light is directed downward for maximum use.
- Indirect Lighting( 90 to 100 percent of the light is directed to the ceilings and upper walls and is reflected to all parts of a room.
- Semi-Direct Lighting( 60 to 90 percent of the light is directed downward with the remainder directed upward.
- Semi-indirect Lighting ( 60 to 90 percent of the light is directed upward with the remainder directed downward.
- Highlighting Lighting( the beam projection distance and focusing ability characterize this luminaire)
Cape Town Soccer Stadium, South Africa | FIFA World Cup 2010
Posted by BenzuJK in Mega Projects on June 16, 2010
Cape Town Stadium, South Africa
- The Cape Town Stadium is a stadium is a world class stadium. It is located in Cape Town, South Africa.
- This Stadium has been specially constructed for the FIFA World Cup 2010. Another stadium existed on the same site called “The Green Point Stadium” which has been demolished for the construction of the new stadium.
Cape Town Stadium, South Africa
- Its an honour to be hosting the FIFA World Cup Matches 2010. There are other two stadiums in South Africa that are also hosting couple World Cup Matches namely;
Moses Mabhida Soccer Stadium, Durban, South Africa
Johannesburg City Stadium, South Africa
- Since the stadium on that site has been known as Green Point Stadium for a long time, so this name is also used frequently in during World Cup media coverage.
Design of Moses Mabhida Soccer Stadium, Durban, South Africa
Posted by BenzuJK in Mega Projects on June 15, 2010
- The Moses Mabhida Stadium is a stadium is a world class stadium. It is located in Durban, South Africa, named after Moses Mabhida, a former General Secretary of the South African Communist Party.
- The Moses Mabhida Stadium in Durban will host one of the semi-finals of the FIFA World Cup 2010.
Moses Mabhida Durban Stadium, South Africa
- It has a capacity to accommodate 70,000 people during the World Cup but generally it can accommodate only 54,000 people. For this reason, special seating arrangements are done to increase the seating to 70,000 during the World Cup.
- It includes an adjoining indoor arena, football museum, sports institute, and a transmodal transport station.
Design of the Durban Stadium
- This stadium stands on the grounds of the Kings Park Soccer Stadium, in the Durban sports precinct in the suburb of Stamford Hill.
- The design of the stadium is incredibly flexible. The stadium design allows the reduction or increment in the seating capacity as per the events carried on at the Stadium.
Ohio Stadium | Largest Football Stadium in Ohio, United States
Posted by BenzuJK in Mega Projects on June 14, 2010
Ohio Stadium is the centre for the Buckeyes football team at The Ohio State University. It is popularly known as The Shoe, The Horseshoe or The House that Harley Built. The Ohio stadium is located in Columbus, Ohio, United States.
Ohio Stadium, Columbus, United States
This stadium has gained quite a lot of historical importance. Its name was added to the National Register of Historic Places by the National Park Service on March 22, 1974.
- It has a capacity of accommodating 102,329, people. It is the third largest stadium in the NCAA and the sixth largest non-racing stadium in the world.
- It is also the largest stadium in Ohio, Columbus, United States.
- Ohio Stadium is also used for organizing concerts. Famous plays that of U2, The Rolling Stones, Pink Floyd & Metallica have also been played at Ohio Stadium.
Science of Structural Engineering | Design of Steel Structures
Posted by BenzuJK in Civil Projects on June 10, 2010
Scope and Importance of Structural Engineering
Structural Engineering deals with the mechanism of the structural system that is it deals with structural analysis and structural design. The structural engineering plays an important and necessary part in mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, civil engineering, naval engineering, aeronautical engineering and in all the specialized phases of engineering. Structural Engineers are like puzzle masters.
Millennium Dome
It not just deals with the various different fields of engineering but is also interrelated with Architectural Design. Understanding the Interrelationship of Structural Engineering and Architectural Design is very essential for an engineer and an Architect…
We have already discussed “Art of Structural Engineering” in our previous articles….
People are usually curious to know what Structural Engineering is like. What is the work of a Structural Engineer??? What are Steel Structures?
Fifa World Cup 2010 Soccer City Stadium, Johannesburg, South Africa
Posted by BenzuJK in Mega Projects on June 9, 2010
Soccer City Stadium is the largest soccer stadium in South Africa. It is situated near Nasrec in Johannesburg, in South Africa. The stadium is the main venue for the Fifa World Cup 2010 kick-off match. This stadium would also host the finals of Fifa World Cup 2010 and the semi-finals are going to be in other two Soccer stadiums of South Africa namely; Cape Town Soccer Stadium and Moses Mabhida Soccer Stadium. There is one other smaller stadium known as Ellis Park Stadium, but it is mainly used during Rugby matches.
Soccer City 3D View
Soccer City stadium has a capacity of 94,700 people, which makes it the largest stadium in the whole African Continent. It also has a 2 meter moat to keep fans away from players.